Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the bladder.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, saline, aseptic due to venous congestion of the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, radiation infection.This disease definitely requires treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis as a complication of cystitis.
Clinic specialists know how to diagnose cystitis in the early stages.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and preserve health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder occurs due to an infection of the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In the case of a chronic course, cystitis occurs as a relapse: the symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the body and disappear for an indefinite period of time.
Urologists distinguish between:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis is caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs).There may be other infections that have entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The inflammatory process can be caused by any injury during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.It occurs due to excessive use of personal hygiene products and the use of strong drugs.In addition, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients receiving cancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is the primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms related to damage to the bladder;secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage from bacteria from the kidney or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Often, women with symptoms of cystitis have a clinically hidden kidney infection.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, cystitis can be the first manifestation of any urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent, unproductive urge to urinate;
- burning and stinging sensation at the end of urination;
- a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- cloudy, foamy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, pungent smell of urine;
- pain in the urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms appear, consult a specialist.Professional urologists perform a complete diagnosis, establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by bacterial, viral and parasitic microorganisms.Often the causative agent of the disease is the opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The entry of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to fatigue or illness, as well as pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora to lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) often cause inflammation in the lining of the bladder.Due to some similar symptoms, you can choose the wrong therapy during self-medication, which only temporarily eliminates the symptoms, but does not eliminate the root cause.Therefore, doctors recommend seeking professional help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for women is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the introduction of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.An examination of both partners is necessary, a consultation with a gynecologist and a urologist, as well as the need for surgical treatment of the soft parts of the perineum and correction with hyaluronic acid preparations.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can also occur against the background of chronic neuropsychic stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive effect of the metabolites of some drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the mucous membrane of the bladder, can also trigger the symptoms of the disease.
Factors predisposing to the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital abnormalities (urethral cysts, urethral stricture);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- improperly selected antibiotic therapy and hormone therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis of the disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.Both female and male urologists work at the clinic to ensure maximum patient comfort.During the first meeting, the doctor examines your medical history in detail, listens to complaints and asks questions about previous diseases of the urogenital system.
In order to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious bladder diseases (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are carried out in the clinics in accordance with modern clinical recommendations of urology.Your doctor may recommend the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- bacteriological examination of urine;
- PCR examination of urine in case of intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- urodynamic examination (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.In urology, a cystoscope is very often used for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a high-precision endoscopic examination of the urogenital tract, which enables the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the state of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.At an older age, female cystitis is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist can refer the woman to a gynecologist.
The scope of the diagnosis depends on the symptoms, accompanying diseases and the patient's medical history.Do not refuse the examination.In order to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to establish the root cause of the disease.
All examinations in the medical center are carried out using modern, high-tech, expert-class equipment.Experienced specialists help to diagnose the disease in an early, symptomless stage in order to provide quality treatment in time.
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment of cystitis, the symptoms of which can be mild or severe, is not recommended without consultation with an experienced urologist.
In the case of cystitis, a complex treatment is prescribed, which not only eliminates the pathogen and relieves the inflammatory process, but also preserves local immunity.Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are usually prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all the doctor's instructions and complete the therapy.After prescribing the drugs, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has disappeared.Only complete treatment can guarantee that the disease does not progress to a chronic stage.
Control tests based on the results of the treatment must be performed within a week after the end of the treatment, and their quantity is determined by the doctor in each case.
Self-medication can lead to the chronicity of the inflammatory process, worsening of the condition and involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.The uncontrolled use of antibacterial therapy and any other medication without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If the treatment is not adequate or chronic cystitis is in an advanced stage, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has proven to be particularly effective as an additional treatment.Physiotherapy improves blood flow, stimulates microcirculation and normalizes venous outflow.The procedures consolidate the effect of medication, helping to prevent cystitis.Your doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnet therapy;
- ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy treatments can be performed at a specialized clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of treating cystitis in a modern clinic
- Specialists carry out a comprehensive diagnosis, make a correct diagnosis and prescribe a comprehensive treatment.
- Examinations, treatment, rehabilitation - everything can be obtained in one clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for rapid rehabilitation after treatment.
Prevention of cystitis
Urologists recommend that women have an annual preventive examination with a gynecologist and urologist and undergo tests.This allows you to determine the presence of inflammation in the body in time and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the urogenital system "do not hurt" and are asymptomatic.
In order to prevent cystitis in women, it is advisable to:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- be sure to rinse the external genitalia under running water before and after intercourse;
- avoid traumatic sexual positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose underwear that does not interfere with blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- immediately treat any disease of the urogenital system.