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Cystitis in women

Pain in the lower abdomen as a symptom of cystitis in women

Cystitis is one of the most common diseases of the ujiturinary system.During the pathological process, for some reason (infectious agents, chemical and traumatic injuries), inflammation of the bladder mucosa membrane occurs.

Cystitis is typically considered to be a female disease.According to medical statistics, 80% of all cases of cystitis increase.This is anatomically understandable: women's urinary tract is much shorter than men, which means that pathogens (which are mostly cystitis causal agents) encounter less resistance and travel to the bladder faster.This is the reason why women are more frequently emptied of their bladder, and if the urinary tract occurs, the risk of developing cystitis is significantly increased.

Cystitis is not only affected by the bladder mucosa membrane.In general, this is a rather complex disease that results in many complications and discomfort.

Symptoms, diagnostic and treatment strategies depend on many factors:

  1. The nature of the pathological process;
  2. Localization of inflammation;
  3. A kind of pathogen.

Cystitis is divided according to several criteria:

  • Based on the type of pathogen: bacterial cystitis (chlamydia, ureaplasma, gonorrhoea, other pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases, and staphylococci, Streptococci, E. coli and others) and non -bacterial cystitis (toxic, drugs, allergies);
  • According to the nature of the disease: acute cystitis (occurs in acute phase with manifestation of typical symptoms) and chronic (in latent form or recurring form);
  • Depending on the presence and type of organic (morphological) changes: ulcerative, cataral, cystic;
  • Based on the localization of the pathological process: cystitis of the bladder, which affects the submucosal layer, affecting the muscle layer.

Symptoms of cystitis in women

Pain in cystitis

The nature and intensity of pain and discomfort during cystitis depends purely individual, and depends on the threshold of the pain and the damage to the bladder structures.

It is generally accepted that in the case of cystitis, the pain is localized only in the bladder area.This is not entirely true.Pain can often be radiant (migration) in nature.Cystitis pain moves into the lumbosacral spine and patients feel as if their backs are hurting.The pain syndrome can also be localized in the coccyx area.

Pain is often accompanied by the general symptoms of body intoxication: variable intensity headaches (localized on the forehead), weakness and fatigue, hyperthermia (increase in body temperature) at 37.5 - 38 degrees.The pain and manifestations of intoxication are considered to be the only symptom of pathology and are inseparable, although weakened immunity cannot be hyperthermia.

Cystitis with blood in women

In some cases, women with cystitis may notice that the urine has a pale pink or intense red shade.There are two reasons for this: either acute cystitis or a much more severe form - bleeding cystitis.Relatively simple to distinguish them;In acute cystitis, the urine obtains a reddish shade at the end of the urination;In the case of complicated cystitis, urine is red throughout the act and retains a shade during every later trip to the toilet.

Among the causes of cystitis:

  1. Injury to the bladder and urethral walls by foreign objects;
  2. Lack of muscle tone of the bladder;
  3. Congestion in the bladder, leading to degenerative changes;
  4. Anatomical disorders (compression of the stenosis of the urethral lumen, the feces system with oncological tumors).

Therefore, women are most often the secondary pathology caused by certain factors.

Acute cystitis with blood and especially bleeding cystitis is difficult:

  • Intense pain is observed, which is constant and lasting.
  • Frequent false desire for urination;
  • The main manifestation of such forms of cystitis is bleeding.Despite the fact that the blood begins to come out a few hours after the acute phase begins, the intensity of the bleeding may be so high that the blood coagulates under the influence of specific substances in the urine and forms large blood clots.By clogging the blood clots, the urethra lumen, they delay the outflow of urine and, as a result, further complicate the patient's condition.

Itching and burning with cystitis

Itching and combustion is perhaps the most common symptom of cystitis in women after pain.Usually both manifestations are observed with the allergic or infectious nature of cystitis.

Itching and combustion often occur with the allergic origin of cystitis.The allergen is recognized by the patient's immune system as antigen, which as a result of which the immune system creates specific antibodies to combat the "dangerous intruder".As a result of the reaction, the antigen-antibody complex is settled on mast cells (basophils) in the urethra and urethra area.The complex causes basophils to be destroyed and release a large amount of histamine, which is a mediator of itching and causes an unbearable feeling of itching and burning.

For similar reasons, itching and combustion can be observed for inflammatory lesions: infectious agents and toxic products of their metabolic activity (with the origin of the cystitis bacterium) or the specific substances in the drugs accumulate in the urine.When released, these substances affect the superficial nerve endings.

Generally speaking, it is a symptom such as itching of 95%, which is an allergic or infectious nature of cystitis, which means that the simultaneous lesions of the vaginal mucosa are possible.

Can I have fever for cystitis?

To answer the question correctly, you need to understand why body temperature rises.Hypertermia occurs as a result of an acute immune response to foreign material or microorganism.At temperatures above 37 degrees, pathogens lose their previous activity and the intensity of their lives suddenly decreases.Almost always the infectious cystitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature from 37.5 degrees by 38.2 degrees.This normal phenomenon indicates a strong immune system that can resist the infection.The height of the numbers depends largely on the direct causal agent of the disease.

Therefore, even infectious cystitis cannot lead to increased temperature.For example, the causal agent of tuberculosis does not show itself in the first phase of the disease with increasing temperature, while most sexually transmitted infection, and even adenovirus, causes significant hyperthermia up to 39 degrees.

Causes of cystitis in women

As previously noted, in the vast majority of cases, the disease develops in women, which causes a short and wide sewage of the urethra, the close location of the anus and the vagina (as well as the colon mucosa and vaginal mucosa are an opportunistic microflora of the mucous membrane,Living.

In 85-90% of cases, women are precisely due to the penetration of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganism (infectious cystitis).The pathogen does not always enter the bladder from the vagina or anus.

Penetration routes may be different:

  1. Decreasing path.The infection can spread from the kidneys to the bladder;
  2. Increasing road.What has already been mentioned from the outside through the urethra into the bladder;
  3. Hematogenic path.Relatively rarely, a bacterium or virus enters the bladder through the bloodstream.This may be due to the focus of infectious lesion in the body, but the chances are that a pathogenic drug, such as almonds into the bladder, is extremely small but still exists.
  4. Lymphogen road.The pathogen enters the bladder from the pelvic organs that are inflamed.

However, with infectious origin, cystitis can develop:

  • Taking certain drugs.These include cytostatic drugs used to combat malignant tumors;
  • Allergic reactions.Allergy is often local.In some cases, it affects the bladder.

Many factors increase the risk of developing cystitis:

  1. Inflammation of the vagina (collapitis) and sexually transmitted diseases.Given the anatomical proximity of the vagina and urethra, the occurrence of cystitis is only a matter of time;
  2. The same can be said about constipation and other intestinal problems (colitis, etc.).Microorganisms from colon, also due to the anatomical proximity of the anus and external genitals, can provoke the formation of acute cystitis;
  3. Nephrological diseases: kidney stones, nephritis and pyelonephritis, urinary tract retention.According to the decreasing principle, the infection often sinks from the kidneys to the bladder and the urine stagnation can develop very severe pathologies and forms of cystitis.
  4. Peak hormonal states.Pregnancy, menstrual cycle, menopause.This is due to changes in hormonal levels and consequently in the vagina and urethral mucosa microflora;
  5. The predisposing factors also include endocrine diseases, especially diabetes;
  6. The risk group includes allergic patients and cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy.

Regardless of the causes and sources of the disease, cystitis contains a characteristic symptomatic complex:

  • Frequent and painful urination.Burning, harassing pain in the bladder and urethra;
  • The desire for urination can be false;
  • Urinary tract incontinence (sometimes);
  • Increased urge at night The production of urine increased.
  • Continuous pain in the pubic and perineal area, the lower back and radiated to the tail bone.Pronounced pain at the beginning and end of urination;
  • Dark urine or cloudy with a mixture of pus;
  • General manifestations of intoxication.

If the cause lies in the allergy, the urethra area may develop painful itching and burns.

Complications and consequences of cystitis

Cystitis is by no means a harmless disease, and the principles of "drink something" and "disappear by itself" do not work here.

If the necessary treatment is not done on time, the consequences may be more than catastrophic:

  1. There is kidney impairment along the growing road.According to medical statistics, in 95% of cases, untreated cystitis causes severe kidney disease;
  2. Women may suffer from the bladder due to urine returning to the kidneys.This is extremely rare;
  3. Long -term and at the same time ineffective treatment of cystitis can lead to organic changes in organ tissue.The epithelium degenerate and, as a result, the bladder loses elasticity, loses its ability to regenerate and decrease in size;
  4. If specific treatment is not performed on time, there is a high risk that the disease becomes chronic.Chronic cystitis, especially infectious (and most often this is done), is a source of constant inflammation;
  5. Although it is difficult to call the direct complications of cystitis to stress and depression, they are.If the pathology is not treated on time, it will be chronic.Cystitis is common and can occur almost several times a month.The disease puts extraordinary psychological pressure on a person, literally a healthy member of society is hostage to the toilet.In addition, the human mind is dominant;
  6. Weakening of the bladder -sphincter.It can lead to the development of urinary tract incontinence.Most often it develops in older people.

Diagnosis of cystitis

The primary diagnosis includes the personal examination of specialist professionals: urologist, nephrologist, gynecologist.

Professionals collect anamithesis and determine the potential causes of the disease.

When collecting anamnesis, doctors pay special attention to risk factors:

  • Unprotected sexual intercourse;
  • Hypothermia;
  • Excessive emotional stress;
  • Selted medicines;
  • The presence of concomitant diseases and pathologies (primarily in the pelvic organs).

Laboratory

Includes:

  1. Performing general blood tests;
  2. Performing general urine tests;
  3. Submission of urine tests for cultures.

Two main applications are used in instrumental methods:

  • Urethra and cystoscopy.
  • Ultrasound examination of the bladder.

How to relieve cystitis attack?First aid at home

It is recommended to use medication in severe cases:

  1. The best solution would be to use inhibition;
  2. Inhibition, painkillers relieve pain;
  3. Herbal preparations containing oregano herbs and hops suppositories also help reduce the cramp and pain caused by cystitis;
  4. Under no circumstances should you take antibacterial drugs alone.Taking antibiotics is guaranteed that it will lead to a change in the form of laboratory tests and the specialist cannot determine the source and cause of the disease;
  5. If the diagnosis is confirmed and is already known to the patient, it may require antimicrobial drugs.

In all other cases, it is better not to self -heal.The attacks of sophisticated cystitis (blood, bleeding) are relieved exclusively in a hospital environment.Otherwise, life -threatening bleeding may develop.

How to treat cystitis in women

Because women are most often caused by cystitis due to infectious lesion, the purpose of the specific treatment is to destroy pathogens.

  • In recent years, drugs from the fluoroquinolone group have proven their effectiveness.These antibiotics can only be taken according to the specialist instructions;
  • If diagnostic results are discovered specific pathogens, appropriate antifungal, antimicrobial or antiviral drugs are prescribed;
  • Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are recommended for severe pain, inhibition and painkillers;
  • In the absence of allergies against herbs, lingonberries, horse and bearberry healing teas can be taken.Preferences should be given unloaded products;
  • It is recommended to increase daily fluid intake from the body to quickly remove toxins.

Preventing cystitis

You need to keep your personal hygiene rules.To wash, you need to choose products that are neutral in their acid-base properties.The key to proper intimacy is the lack of downturns.

We recommend that you empty the bladder as often as possible.Urine stagnation results in complications.

Hypothermia should not be allowed.The legs should be kept warm and dry.

When aggravating cystitis, it is advisable to increase the amount of fluid consumed to 2-2.5 liters daily: water, fresh natural juice, cranberry juice.Refrain from drinking carbonated water and artificial drinks.

In case of acute cystitis and when chronic cystitis is exacerbated, avoid wearing narrow synthetic lingerie.

Constipation indirectly affects the risk of developing cystitis.Therefore, preventive measures include the methods of improving the intestinal motility.

Answers to popular questions

Which doctor should I contact with cystitis?

Contact three professionals: urologist, nephrologist and gynecologist.

Is it possible to have sex in cystitis?Do you spread sexually?

Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder.Of course, it is simply impossible to get cystitis through sexual contact.

It is very likely that a partner can be handed over to infectious agents that caused cystitis.But we need to make a reservation: the spread of pathogenic microflora is only possible if the disease is of infectious origin.In all other cases, the partner is safe.

As for the other aspect of the question, everything is not that simple.Most competent professionals recommend that women refrain from sexual activity during the disease.

However, if you can't do it without sex, you must follow the recommendations:

  • Wash your body just before sex and clean your hands thoroughly;
  • Avoid touching the vagina.During cystitis, the mucosa is exposed to increased stress as it is impossible to completely protect it from urine particles;
  • If the uterus is suspected of damaging the uterus, exclude deep penetration;
  • At the end of intimacy, be sure to wash the external genitals;
  • Use an obstacle to contraception (condom only).

Cystitis after intimacy, what is the reason?

The development of cystitis after sex is not a far -reaching problem.Postcoital cystitis (also known as "honeymoon syndrome") is approx.45%.As a general rule, it is detected after the first sexual intercourse.

There are many reasons for this:

  1. The most common but at the same time the most difficult to eliminate is the congenital anomaly of the gangiturinary system;
  2. Another general reason is the lack of proper hygiene.The partner may not know this while there are many microorganisms on the penis surface.As a result, the woman's urethra is attacked by an infectious agent.This group of reasons include alternating vaginal and anal sex without changing a condom or not at all.In this case, the cystitis causation is the intestinal microflora (bacillus);
  3. Hüvelyi szárazság.Due to the excessive dryness of the vaginal mucosa, the tissue crack occurs.Ennek eredményeként a colpitis, amely gyorsan provokálja a cystitis kialakulását.In this case, cystitis becomes a secondary disease.Therefore, it is not possible to have sex if the woman's genitals lack desire and sufficient hydration;
  4. Érdemes emlékezni a szexuális úton terjedő betegségekre is.If the partner is sick or carrier, the woman will be rapidly infected, and in this case there is a risk of not only a sexually transmitted disease, but also secondary cystitis.

Is it possible to play in cystitis?

In this case, everything is purely individual and depends on the condition of the patient and the severity of cystitis.However, many physical activities must be abandoned.

Avoids:

  • Visits for fitness clubs.Aerobics and exercises can lead to mechanical irritation of the urethra and bladder, as a result of which the symptoms are significantly exacerbated;
  • Swimming.Swimming is allowed, but not longer than 10-20 minutes.Exposure for cold water (30-50 minutes) is guaranteed to lead to local hypothermia.As a result of cooling, local immunity will decrease and the symptoms of cystitis will emerge within a few hours;
  • Winter sports.Almost every winter sport involves the cold length.Under these conditions, the risk of developing hypothermia and deterioration of cystitis increases significantly.For people who are happy to skate, we recommend dressing for as long as possible, covering the pelvis and perineal area, and never sit on the ice;
  • Active sports with increased physical activity and sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure are excluded: boxing, wrestling, cycling.

However, there are many sports recommended for cystitis.The body muscles are evenly tightened and do not lead to significant fatigue.These are jogging, walking, basketball, volleyball.Dance is also allowed.It is important to note that the clothing must be appropriate.It is harmful to wear tight, tight clothes.The career should not fit closely;The light should be preferred, but at the same time warm clothing made of natural materials.

Is it possible to buy a hot bath if you have cystitis?

In general, the question is very contradictory.To answer this, we need to re -enter the patient's current condition and the disease.You can only take warm (warm but not hot) baths at a stage where cystitis cannot yet feel specific with specific symptoms.In this case, light warming is not only contraindicated but also useful.

As one of the following symptoms appear, thermal procedures are strictly contraindicated:

  1. Muscle cramps (sharp, cramping in the lower abdomen and pubic area);
  2. Combustion and sting during urination;
  3. Blood or pus in the urine.

When it comes to the initial stages of the disease, warming is allowed, but they should only be used within reasonable limits:

  • Heating with dry heat.The salt is heated in a container at a temperature of 38-40 degrees, poured into tissue bag and applied to the sore spot;
  • Foot baths.The pool is filled with warm water and then take a foot bath for 10-20 minutes.The legs then break dry and make warm socks;
  • Sitz baths.During the first phase of the development of cystitis, the addition of herbs can be taken by Sitz baths.In this case, the water temperature should not exceed 37 degrees and the bath time should be up to 10 minutes.Even a warm bath is forbidden in cases where other organs are affected outside the bladder;
  • Warm shower.The optimal way to relieve cystitis and hygiene procedures during the disease;
  • Heated your hands with warmth.The palms are placed in the bladder area for several hours;
  • Heating compression with eucalyptus oil.In the absence of effective acute symptoms.But it is contraindicated in allergies.

Could it be delayed due to menstruation cystitis?

There is no direct causal relationship between cystitis and menstrual irregularities.However, as mentioned earlier, women rarely occur in women, only when the bladder is damaged.As the infection rises, it often affects the genitals, including the uterus and ovaries in the abdominal cavity.

The ovary is responsible for the production of estrogen, a specific female hormone that promotes the normalization of the menstrual cycle in itself.When the infection spreads into the ovary, estrogen production decreases.As a result, the cycle is interrupted and menstruation can be delayed.